By Sam Agona
5G
stands for the 5th generation of wireless technology. The 5G
generation is also known as Real World Wireless or called WWWW (World Wide
Wireless Web). 5G denotes the next major phase of mobile telecommunications
standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards as of North America,
China and other parts of Asia entirely covered by LTE. 5G is
also referred to as beyond 2020 mobile communications technologies.
As
time goes by, the airwaves are becoming more crowded. Frequency is finite, therefore
putting a cap on capacity. It is therefore incumbent upon the technical world
of 3GPP, 3GPP2, Wimax Forum or even ITU-R to propose solutions that can keep
technology apace with the market demands.
Evolution of wireless networks over years
Before
5G there has been/ is the following wireless technologies (review is from 3rd
Generation);
The
third generation of mobile communication technology, or 3G, which is the
successor to the 2G and 1G standards. Many countries in Africa are running on
3G and grappling to move to LTE. A typical 3G network realizes download speeds
of 600Kbps to 1.4Mbps. 3G networks use W-CDMA instead of TDMA and FDMA a
difference inherited from UMTS. This
blog heavily discussed 3G technology in one of its earlier editions.
This
should had been the running standard in most countries however the fourth
generation of mobile communication technology, or 4G, is available as of the
date of publication in many major metropolitan areas in the U.S; there are
pockets of LTE coverage areas in Africa (Uganda equally has LTE deployed by
Orange Ltd and Smile Telecom using FDD and MTN Uganda using TDD). The 4G standard encompasses multiple technologies,
including LTE and WiMAX. Switching is packet only with radio access changing
from CDMA to OFDMA and SC-FDMA. Data rates peak 100 Mbps and Typical 4G LTE technologies
will have an average speed of 5 to 12 Mbps, according to Verizon Wireless. A typical
download made using 4G WiMAX technology realizes will average between 3 and 6
Mbps. This is a significant upgrade over 3G networks, allowing for increased
performance when multitasking, streaming video or playing games.
The fifth generation of mobile communication
technology, or 5G, is in a developmental stage. A defining characteristic of
the new technology will be the ability of mobile devices to simultaneously send
and receive information from cell towers, something not possible with older
networks according to 5gNow . There
is no defined standard for 5G download speeds as of date but what the author is
sure of is 5G implemented with MIMO can achieve up to 1 Gbps something Samsung
tested in mid-2013, this phase denotes a phase of wireless communications
without limitations.
According to 3GPP, 5G will be available to the
market by 2020; it is based on VPN and supports data bandwidth up to 1GB. It
will be entirely based on IPv6 providing a very fast means of communication.
Also noteworthy is, 5G phones are data intensive. They have HD streaming, large
memory, several advanced features. It is very high security driven and supports
multiple carrier aggregation. According to Sanskar
Jain et al, its bandwidth per frequency channel is up to 28 Ghz as compared
to 4G which is at 100Mhz and 3G at 20Mhz. In 5G, QoS assurance will be based on
policy and error avoidance. This is a contrast to 4G which uses concatenated
codes for error detection than avoidance.
Unlike 4G which uses CDMA majorly. 5G will use CDMA and BDMA multiple
access.
On
the handset, the Generation provides large phone memory, dialing speed, clarity
in audio and video among other benefits.
While on the network sides, the benefits are immense including; new error-
control methods, different wireless technologies access, high resolution, bi-directional
large bandwidth shaping, attractive and effective billing interface, subscriber
supervision tool for fast and immediate actions, great policies to avoid
errors, large broadcasting of data, gateway with unparalleled consistency, accurate
traffic statistics, VPN, high upload and download, remote diagnostics and but
not limited to wireless device with AI capabilities.
Being
in the development phase at least for the next five years, concepts the 5G technology
is greatly associating with include the following;
- Widespread Network: The technology provides the connectivity among several wireless access technologies, fall back into 4G and providers for switching between them.
- Group co-operative relay: The High data rates availability over a wide area of the cellphones make the technology considerable.
- Experimental Radio Technology: It enables the user equipment to a radio landscape. This allows to Locate and choose the optimum radio access link and best modulation schemes to gain best and optimum performance connection).
- Ad-hoc Networking: It provides ad-hoc wireless networks for much faster data flows.
- Smart Antenna: Its smart antennas are more omnidirectional and thus can to enable direct communication with less interference and improved cell capacity irrespective of mobile location in relation to the antennae.
- Vandermonde-subspace frequency division multiplexing modulation: this type of the modulation is used to provide the much flexible and efficient form of the modulation and shall be used in 5G networks.
Illustration of benefits of 5G
Conclusively,
5G technology assigns an IP to every mobile and each mobile terminal is deemed
a FA (Foreign Agent) and will keep the CoA (care of Address) between IPv6 and
CoA address for current wireless network. At the same time it can be connected
to other mobile or networks by maintaining different IP address acting like a
CoA address for FA placed in mobile phone. This fix IPv6 will be implemented in
the mobile phones.
Sources:
Radio Access and Spectrum FP7 - Future Networks Cluster
5G- The Future of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks - Sanskar Jain, Neha Agrawal and Mayank Awasthi
Prospective of Fifth Generation Mobile Communications - Dr. Anwar M. Mousa
http://www.ericsson.com/news/1810070
http://tech.co/look-future-5g-network-speeds-theyll-arrive-2014-03
http://www.huawei.com/5gwhitepaper/
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